Showing posts with label Christianity. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Christianity. Show all posts

Tuesday, January 22, 2013

Coptic Church in Amman


An account while I was in Jordan in October 2012


                The other night a group of me and a few other BYU students decided to go to a Coptic church. There was a rumor that they were having a service on Thursday night. Fridays are the day for Sabbath day worship so I thought this was a bit odd but I decided to go either way.
I had ever been to a Coptic church before but I have heard much and studied very little about them. As one of my bosses is Coptic, I hear things periodically but she is not a strong Coptic in the sense of actual practice. I also had read much about them in the news regarding Egypt. Often times it is about the Coptic’s events dealing with Muslims in Egypt; most of the time they are not good events. The Coptic religion originates and is mostly found in Egypt.  Regarding the Arab Spring, Christians and Muslims united together to overthrow the Mubarak Regime. There was peace and alliance but just a few weeks prior to the beginning of the Arab Spring there were bombings in Coptic churches to probably incite revolts and a battle for a sense of control. Now, almost 2 years after the fall of Mubarak, Christians and Muslims are back at it with each other. The Coptic Church has many similarities with other churches. It has its own pope, the Coptic language is used during services and they can claim origin to the early apostles of the New Testament.
As we arrived to the Coptic church building I noticed that it was near the brand new, almost multiplex style, mosque. The mosque was beautiful, across the street from it was a large but simple church. The church building stood about 40-50 feet tall with a Christmas light lit up cross on the top of its highest point. We walked around the street trying to find a gate to get into the church grounds. I thought it was odd the church had walls around it but then I realized the mosque across the street had walls and that most of my own church buildings in the in the States had walls. It took a few Muslims who were crossing the street from the mosque to tell us where the gate was to get in. Turned out there was a little slot you can put your hand in to pull the lever to open the door but we didn’t realize this until after we had to call over for a person to open the door for us. This individual that opened the door was fully robed in priest clothes and had salt and pepper colored beard. The beard probably was a foot long and a half foot cap topped his head. He didn’t seem to want to say much to us at this time because he pointed us in the direction where we should go and then went back to sit on his chair. On our way out, we saw him sitting next to a younger male member and seemed to be speaking Coptic to him, almost like bestowing a blessing upon the young man.
As we walked closer to the main door, you could look inside and see lights and even candles lit inside. We were pretty nervous at first, we weren’t sure if we should knock or just open the door. Out of our group I decided to just open the door and walk in. As soon as I opened the door you could feel like you stepped back about 1000 years. The church, though had modern paintings, it was filled with cascade windows and arches. The doors were of the finest large wood carvings I have ever seen. The pews of the church were more modern, you could see scriptures written in Arabic from the New Testament written on the back side. Each pew had its own scripture.  There was about a group of 20 people listening to a man sit in the front dressed in business casual. It seemed all of the others there were dressed in business casual attire, including the women. The women were not veiled and even spoke more openly than I’ve seen Muslim women in social settings. The person giving the sermon we later found out was a visitor from Egypt, we could tell he was from Egypt because of his Egyptian Arabic dialect. It was kind of refreshing to hear it because that was the dialect I was taught in school. I sat down behind the others listening in and I found myself not paying too much attention to the sermon being given but more rather to the art work. It seemed that there were pictures of many of the notable prophets in the bible everywhere they could find a place to paint. Each prophet seemed to look about the same, white beards, old looking (some young), and carrying a scroll (probably scripture). A few had certain key symbols with them, for example, Moses was carrying a staff and two tablets. In the front, there was a pew and a wood wall that didn’t reach the top (the vaulted ceilings were about 40-50 feet high). On this wood wall was a spot for each of the twelve apostles and in the center top was a large wooden statue of Jesus Christ. There also was a miniature statue of Jesus Christ in the center of the priest’s area and then on the left side of the wood wall. Overall, the church was very beautiful with amazing artwork all around.
We were obviously late to the sermon but we weren’t the only ones. Two young Arabs came walking in down one of the aisles between the pews. They walked up where the priest’s area begins and took their sandals off where the step begins. They stepped up and began to cross themselves which I thought was the normal but then they knelt and began to pray similar to how a Muslims prays in the mosque. I was really confused because I thought for a moment that these were Muslims coming to pray in the church, almost to make a point against the Christians but this was not the case at all. After kneeling and putting their heads to ground for a few seconds, they got back up and crossed themselves again. Then they went and kissed both of the smaller statues of Jesus Christ and then each chose a picture of an apostle and kissed that. I think one kissed Paul and the other kissed Thomas. They then went near the entrance and each lit a candle and placed it in the appropriate spot of sand located at just below eye level in a circular tub.
Another member who was observing the sermon then handed us envelopes with the church’s name on the envelope. We of course took them but then after it was handed to us, we noticed that this was for the sake of paying offerings. One of the military guys with us paid five dinar but the rest of us did not.
The sermon was done (finally), it seemed to have lasted a total of two hours, an hour before and after we arrived. After the sermon, each of the members there were so anxious to speak to us! They wanted to ask us where we were from, why we’re in Jordan, and most importantly, to have us over for coffee and tea for next week’s sermon. The fellowship they were lending us reminded me of the type of fellowship we as Latter-day Saints had done. It was quite interesting to see how much they similar to us in this aspect. Coptics are primarily from Egypt so most of the people there were from Egypt but a small hand few were from Armenia. Most Armenians will say they go to the Armenian Church and never anything else so it makes me wonder if these Armenians were going for another reason.
This was my first experience with a Christian church in the Middle East. It was interesting to see another Christian church in a different culture where Christianity isn’t the most practiced religion. The Christians seemed to mix a lot of their practices with the Muslims. The act of prayer that the two young Arab men did at the beginning seemed too similar to what a Muslim would do when he first enters a mosque and begins to pray. Christianity was fairly established in the Holy Land when Islam came around and I wonder if maybe Islam took similar practices from Christianity. The idea of respect for the sacred area seems to be universal between the two religions. It also seemed that being a Christian, no matter what sect you were, was just as good as any other sect.

Thursday, June 2, 2011

Islam and Christianity Part 1


    
 In beginning of the new Christian calendar we saw the birth of a man that would change belief, faith, stories and history—his name is Jesus Christ. To Christians Jesus Christ is viewed to be a great man, prophet and many view him as the Savior of the world. He was prophesied of prophets of old that He would come to redeem the world; He was born of the Virgin Mary as the only Begotten Son of God, organized a church, died on the cross and through His sacrifice redeemed the world of all sins. To Muslims though there is a different viewpoint – Jesus was not the Son of God, did not organize the Christian doctrine as it is viewed today (or for most of Christian history), and did not die as a sacrifice for mankind. Yes, he was born of the Virgin Mary, performed many miracles, and taught a new doctrine but he was just a profound prophet. Many Muslims revere him almost as much as the Prophet Muhammad. Christianity and Islam is a very intriguing topic for much of the West due to recent events. Many wonder what Islam thinks about Christianity. I will discuss what viewpoint Islam does have on Christianity that expresses respect and a call to correction according to the Qur’an and the Hadith.
            Muhammad at an early age heard the stories of Jesus the Christ, Moses, Abraham, along with other religious stories. They were probably legends to him filled with mystery and sacred teachings. Muhammad, though grew up in an idolatry society, believed in a One True God that would not only correct false teachings but would do it through a prophet similar the stories he had heard. Muhammad in his 40th year was called as a prophet and was used as a mouthpiece for God to correct the false traditions and practices the people around him and around the world was doing.[1] In Daniel Peterson’s book titled the “Muhammad, Prophet of God,” Muhammad spoke of Christians being around him and even prophesying of the coming of a prophet for the Arab peninsula. After Muhammad’s call in 610 AD, many Christians in the Arab world did convert and some did not. Sometimes these two religions found contention because of the different structure of economic and social structures. Often they supported each other.[2] I believe Islam found greater peace about Christians even though they were not of the same faith through the following passage: "Those who believe (in the Qur'an), and those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Christians and the Sabians,- any who believe in God and the Last Day, and work righteousness, shall have their reward with their Lord; on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve." Surah 2:62. In Surah 2:138-140 we find versus that describe that Jews and Christians worship the same God as Muslims and are related through a lineage of patriarchs. Mushaf Al-Madinah says the following about this concept, “If the Christians claim that these Patriarchs knew of and followed the teachings of Jesus, the claim [all people worshipped Christ in the past] is still more absurd, - except in the sense of Islam that Allah’s teaching is one in all ages.”[3]
            Teaching in all ages implies that God is the same yesterday, today and forever. Just as Latter-day Saints (Mormons) believe in dispensations (a period between prophets that bring about significant doctrine like Adam to Noah, Noah to Abraham, etc.) and they believe in a falling away or an apostasy (the people rejecting the teachings of a prophet and then God calls another prophet to help correct the falsehoods created) so do Muslims believe these concepts. Islam preaches that just as Christ came to correct the fallen Jewish practices, Muhammad came to correct the false teachings that the Christians and other religions had changed. Everyone in the past that worshipped Allah (God) correctly are Muslims (one who submits to God), therefore Muhammad is bringing back these teachings. This point is confirmed in Surah 5:14 where it claims “Christians…did take a Covenant but they forgot a good part of the Message that was sent to them…” Though Christians are fallen away, they still carry truth and are considered “People of the Book” ( also known as Dhimmi). People of the Book according to the Qur’an are Jews, Christians and Abyssinians. These are people who believe in the prophets found in the Old and/or New Testament. Later, Muslim scholars would consider Zoroastrianists and Hindus People of the Book, most likely for political reasons. As People of the Book, they were considered a respectful people in a Muslim community with special privileges over non-believers. They were capable of holding a political office and be prominent people.
We then learn in Surah 5:82-85 that Christianity is the nearest in love to Islam. This could be interpreted to different meanings. Here Al-Madinah comments that it not means all people that call themselves Christians, but the true sincere Christians similar to the Abyssinian Christians that helped the Muslims for their hard work and willingness to learn. It states that when they listen to the message given by the prophet Muhammad we will “see their eyes overflowing with tears, for they recognize the truth.” Then then in the Day of Judgment they will be rewarded “With gardens, with rivers flowing underneath-their eternal Home. Such is the recompense of those who do good.” Christians that are honest and sincere will receive the same rewards that good honest Muslims will receive in the final Day of Judgment.
The Hadith, a collection of teachings and words spoken by the prophet Muhammad, carry similar viewpoints of the Qur’an on Christianity but also very different viewpoints as well that create contradicting opinions for Muslims to interpret . First, there is a hadith that seems to be harsh towards the Christians: “"Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Do not greet the Jews and Christians before they greet you and when you meet any one of them on the roads force him to go to the narrowest part of it."[4] It was later explained in a footnote that this may sound harsh, yes, but it is more so for the safety of the Christian or Jew to be given a separate part of the road for their own safety in case the Muslims may be desirous to harm them. I think Muhammad had an understanding of the differences between the three different monotheistic religions because of his revelations through the Qur’an so he knew to give these people space so that there may not be any harsh misunderstandings from Muslims toward the Christians.
Before I share the following Hadiths, I believe it to be important to share that many people think that Islam has a God of horror and terror and not a peaceful God. I would have to say the first part is true but not the latter. Just as a Christian’s God is peaceful and loving so is He harsh and has shown horror. Both Gods express a form of mercy and damnation and you might say that both Gods are one in the same. The first hadith is “Jews and Christians go to hellfire in place of Muslims.” This one could easily be interpreted in a way of considering Jews and Christians to be of no worth. According to one viewpoint of this Hadith, Christians and Jews are not capable of going to paradise and will be sent to hell while the Muslims that are pure in heart will take their place in paradise. This also could imply that Jews and Christians are in a fallen state and Muslims now fulfill what was once lost. Another hadith that seems to penetrate a Christian: “Allah forbade Muslims to marry the pagans (Jews and Christians); I do not know any kind of associating others with Allah in one of Allah’s slaves.”[5] I believe this is saying for no Muslim to marry a Jewish or Christian woman, or at least not until they become believers themselves.
The hadiths also mention the doctrine of what the Christians believe. "The Christians … asserted that the Holy Ghost has incarnated Himself in the person of Jesus Christ."[6] This Christian doctrine to Islam would be considered blasphemous. Apparently at this time Muhammad had an understanding that this was a Christian doctrine, though this was probably not vastly believed then and especially now in the Latter-day Saint doctrine, he felt it worthwhile to correct the Christian falsehoods dealing with their sacred prophet Jesus. Another instance of Christians is in relation to the one above speaking of Christians and Jews going to hell instead of Muslims. I will sum up the hadith given its long length. The Christians will be summoned and asked who they worshipped. They will say they worship Jesus Christ, the Son of God. Then it will be said, “you tell a lie; Allah did not take himself either a spouse or a son.” And then they would be asked what they would want, they would want water. They would be pointed into a direction to gather this water. They didn’t want to go to the area because it seemed a mirage of hell. They were than gathered together and would fall into the fire one by one.[7] This hadith gives much room for the opponents of Islam to claim its dark nature. Though I may see this hadith as an extremely harsh one, I see it being a form of explanation of God’s judgment metaphorically for the Judgment Day.
Today Christians and Muslims still live side by side. There are millions of Muslims that now live outside of the Arab world that live among millions of other Christians (with millions of Christians still in the Arab world.) Largely due to the events on September 11th, 2001 many Christians in the West have a natural instinct to be fearful of their Islamic brothers and sisters. We would call this fear Islamicphobia. Extreme Islamists seem to ruin it for the rest of the good and great Muslims found throughout the world. In the New York Times I recently read that Coptics and Muslims were clashing in Egypt with several dead and two churches in flames. Just four months ago Christians were circling around the Muslims while they prayed so that anti-protesters could not harm them during the Egyptian Revolution.[8]  Do their actions represent what each other’s religions really teach? They do not. It is the simple principle of pride that is spoken against in both religions coming into the hearts of the people. Though there is great contention today there is tension of Christians not liking Muslims throughout the West and Islamic extremists preaching to fight against the West, there is great understanding capable through discussion and listening to one another. One winter semester at Brigham Young University I would spend my Sunday evenings having interrelation dialogues with my friends Mohammad and Ali (“Not the boxer” they’d often say after introducing themselves). We speak of each of our faiths – Islam and Mormonism. As each week past, we found more things in common than not. Before my friends departed back to Jordan one said to me, “What you have taught me about your faith must be shared with all Muslims. If they knew what you had taught me, they would support you more than any other nation found in the world.” After speaking with other Latter-day Saints that have had similar discussions with Muslims I have found I am not alone with this type of respect and appreciation for our two faiths.


[1] Ayoub, Mahmoud M. Islam Faith and History. Oxford: One World, 2004 p. 21
[2] Peterson, Daniel C. Muhammad: Prophet of God, Grand Rapids, William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007
[3] Al-Madinah. The Holy Quran: English Translation of the meanings and commentary. Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia: King Fahd Holy Qur’an Printing Complex, p. 54
[4] Sahih Muslim vol.3 book 24 no.5389,5390 p.1185
[5] Sahih Muslim vol.3 book 68 no.5285 p. 838

[6] Sahih Muslim translation vol.1 p.127 footnote 393.
[7] Sahih Muslim vol.1 book 1 no.352 p.117.
[8] Kirkpatrick, David M. “Muslims and Coptic Christians Clash Again in Egypt” New York Times, May 15th, 2011